The next excerpt is from Rick Grossman’s e book Franchise Bible. Purchase it now from Amazon | Barnes & Noble | iTunes | IndieBound

The center and soul of the disclosure portion of the Franchise Disclosure Doc (FDD) — and certainly its very objective — is ready forth within the Gadgets. Every Merchandise is given a selected title (which can’t be altered), and inside every Merchandise, the franchisor is required to offer the solutions to a myriad of FTC-mandated questions. For an entire record of the questions in every Merchandise, check out the NASAA Pointers on our companion web site.

Following is the record of Gadgets, together with a short description of the content material to be discovered there.

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Merchandise 1: The franchisor, any dad and mom, predecessors and associates

Merchandise 1 offers you the franchisor’s background and that of any father or mother firm, predecessors and associates. A predecessor is outlined as “an individual from whom the franchisor acquired immediately or not directly the key portion of its belongings.” An affiliate is outlined as “an individual managed by, controlling, or beneath frequent management with the franchisor.”

Merchandise 2: Enterprise expertise

This Merchandise offers you the previous 5 years’ price of the non-public enterprise expertise of the franchisor’s administrators, trustees, basic companions, officers and every other people who’ll have administration accountability referring to the provided franchises.

Merchandise 3: Litigation

On this Merchandise, the franchisor should disclose any materials litigation involving the franchisor and predecessor, father or mother and affiliate, if the litigation entails claims concerning the franchisor’s gross sales course of, their efficiency beneath the franchise paperwork and claims of antitrust, fraud, unfair or misleading commerce practices, or comparable allegations. The franchisor should additionally disclose any franchisor-initiated litigation in opposition to its franchisees and every other enterprise litigation (even when it is not franchise-related) if, on the finish of the day, the litigation negatively impacts the franchisor’s monetary situation or their skill to function a franchise.

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Merchandise 4: Chapter

This Merchandise should disclose any chapter up to now ten years that concerned the franchisor and any father or mother, predecessor, affiliate, officer or basic associate of the franchisor, or every other particular person who may have administration accountability referring to the sale or operation of the franchise.

Merchandise 5: Preliminary charges

Right here, the franchisor (and any of their associates) should disclose the entire preliminary charges they cost to the franchisee earlier than opening. Such charges embrace the preliminary payment paid to buy the franchise rights (usually referred to as the “preliminary franchise payment” or IFF), pc or point-of-sale gear that should be bought solely from franchisor or their associates, and comparable charges.

Merchandise 6: Different charges

This part of the FDD advises you of every other charges you may must pay to the franchisor or an affiliate in addition to prices which can be collected by the franchisor for third events, or which can be in any other case imposed. Line gadgets embrace a press release of the royalties, promoting charges, service charges, coaching charges, renewal charges and different comparable one-time or ongoing prices.

Merchandise 7: Estimated preliminary funding

On this part, the franchisor should disclose a variety of the minimal and most of all charges, prices and bills that the franchisee will incur previous to opening the enterprise, together with the preliminary franchise payment, actual property bills equivalent to hire and building prices, the associated fee for pc gear and comparable line gadgets. The bills should embrace each pre-opening bills and people incurred throughout the “preliminary part,” which is at the very least three months or an inexpensive interval for the trade.

Merchandise 8: Restrictions on sources of services

Franchisors require franchisees to purchase the products and providers wanted solely from accredited distributors. This part lists the accredited distributors and in addition calls out the franchisor’s specs for allowing a brand new vendor into the system. It would establish any income the franchisor receives from the required purchases, together with rebates obtained by the franchisor from any provider.

Merchandise 9: Franchisee’s obligations

This Merchandise lists your obligations as a franchisee, with references to the sections of your franchise settlement that include the obligations. The aim of that is to establish your principal obligations beneath the franchise settlement and different agreements.

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Merchandise 10: Financing

If the franchisor sponsors financing for brand new franchisees, will probably be spelled out on this part.

Merchandise 11: Franchisor’s help, promoting, pc programs and coaching

This is among the extra prolonged and vital disclosure Gadgets. On this Merchandise, the franchisor should disclose:

• The providers they will present to the franchisee earlier than and after opening.
• All promoting expenditures you are anticipated to imagine.
• The typical time it takes a franchisee to open.
• The kind of pc and comparable electronics essential to function the enterprise.
• An in depth description of the coaching you’ll be able to count on to obtain.
• The desk of contents of the operations manuals.

Merchandise 12: Territory

The franchisor should disclose whether or not it presents franchisees an “unique territory” inside which to function the enterprise. With an unique territory, the franchisor guarantees that it will not allow one other franchisee to find throughout the territory and that it’s going to additionally chorus from placing a company-owned or affiliate-owned enterprise there. This Merchandise should additionally disclose whether or not you’ll be able to relocate, and if that’s the case, what the factors are to your transfer and whether or not you’ve any rights to buy further items.

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One of many extra vital disclosures on this part is whether or not you are required to satisfy a quota or carry out in another method as a manner of insuring both your proper to an unique territory, or your proper to proceed in enterprise in any respect. This Merchandise may also disclose the franchisor’s reservation to itself of sure advertising and gross sales rights both inside or exterior any territory.

Merchandise 13: Logos

This part should establish every principal “Mark” (commerce identify, trademark, service mark, service identify or logotype) to be licensed to you, and should state whether or not the franchisee is required to switch or discontinue use of a mark beneath any circumstances.

Merchandise 14: Patents, copyrights and proprietary data

The part spells out the patents and copyrights held by the franchisor.

Merchandise 15: Obligation to take part within the precise operation of the franchise enterprise

This part discloses whether or not the franchisee should personally take part within the operation of the franchise. If there isn’t any such requirement, this part should state whether or not the franchisor recommends such participation, whether or not the one who’s dealing with day-to-day operations should full the franchisor’s coaching program and whether or not this particular person should personal an fairness curiosity within the franchisee entity.

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Merchandise 16: Restrictions on what the franchisee could promote

Usually, the franchisor would require the franchisee to promote solely the products and providers which can be a part of the franchised enterprise. This part spells out these restrictions.

Merchandise 17: Renewal, termination, switch and dispute decision

Merchandise 17 comprises a cross-referencing desk to the franchise settlement for 23 separate line gadgets. It is completely different than Merchandise 9 in that it features a concise assertion of the content material of the actual franchise-agreement covenant in addition to the placement of the covenant within the settlement.

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Merchandise 18: Public figures

This part requires the franchisor to reveal whether or not it makes use of a well-known particular person to endorse the franchise. In that case, it should disclose the compensation paid or promised to the particular person, the particular person’s involvement in administration or management of the franchisor and the quantity of the particular person’s funding within the franchisor.

Merchandise 19: Monetary efficiency representations

In layperson’s phrases, a Monetary Efficiency Illustration (FPR) is any doc, chart, arithmetic calculation, math formulation or different illustration that might permit a possible franchisee to find out what they may earn. The one manner the franchisor or its gross sales workers or brokers can supply an FPR is that if it is acknowledged on this Merchandise 19. If no such data is present in Merchandise 19, any claims made by the franchisor as to your potential earnings are in violation of the regulation.

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Merchandise 20: Retailers and franchise data

This part supplies data concerning present retailers within the franchise system. It covers outlet transfers — and the standing of franchised and company-owned retailers — for the previous three fiscal years, in addition to projected openings for the following fiscal 12 months. It should additionally present data concerning any reporting modifications, any confidentiality clauses signed by franchisees throughout the previous three fiscal years (“gag clauses”), and details about sure trademark franchisee associations.

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Merchandise 21: Monetary statements

The FDD should include an exhibit with the franchisor’s audited monetary statements for the prior three fiscal years. If the franchisee has been open lower than three years, the FTC permits the franchisor to part in audits. The franchisor can also be required to offer a separate, audited monetary assertion for a corporation controlling 80 % or extra of the franchisor.

Merchandise 22: Contracts

This part requires the franchisor to connect to the FDD a duplicate of all type contracts the franchisee will signal, together with the franchise settlement, leases, choices and buy agreements.

Merchandise 23: Receipt

On this remaining part, the franchisor is required to incorporate because the final web page of the FDD a type for the potential franchisee to signal to acknowledge receipt of the FDD.